What are the last two stages of cognitive development defined by Jean Piaget?

The correct answer is based on Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which outlines four main stages that children progress through as they grow and learn. The last two stages are the concrete operational stage and the formal operational stage.

During the concrete operational stage, which occurs approximately between ages 7 and 11, children begin to think logically about concrete events. They gain a better understanding of the concepts of conservation and classification, allowing them to perform operations mentally rather than physically. This is crucial as it indicates a shift from being egocentric to being able to view perspectives other than their own.

The formal operational stage follows, typically beginning around age 12 and continuing into adulthood, where individuals can think abstractly, reason logically, and use deductive reasoning. They can consider hypothetical situations and use scientific reasoning in their thinking.

The other choices refer to concepts or stages that do not align with Piaget's structured framework of cognitive development. "Preoperational" and "solitary" relate to earlier stages of development or social play types, while "associative" and "cooperative" describe types of play rather than stages of cognitive development. Lastly, the "sensorimotor" stage occurs much earlier in a child's life and pertains specifically to interaction